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Detailed Notes (As per DGMS & CMR 2017)
Table of Contents
1.1 Introduction
Mine water management is one of the most critical aspects of mine safety and productivity. Improper drainage can lead to inundation, equipment loss, or even fatalities.
DGMS has laid down clear statutory provisions under CMR 2017 Regulations 127 to 131 for drainage, pumping, sedimentation, and water reuse in both opencast and underground mines.
1.2 Sources of Water in Mines
In Opencast Mines:
- Rainfall and surface runoff from catchment area.
- Seepage from aquifers and surrounding strata.
- Process water from washing plants or dust suppression.
In Underground Mines:
- Percolation through fissures, joints, and faults.
- Inflow from old water-logged workings.
- Leakage from surface water bodies or overlying seams.
1.3 Regulation-Wise Summary (CMR 2017)
- Reg. 127 – General Requirements of Drainage: Every mine shall have an efficient system for collection, control, and removal of water. Surface water should be diverted away from mine entries by catch drains and embankments.
- Reg. 128 – Sumps and Drainage in Opencast Mines: A main sump must be provided at the lowest point of the quarry floor with a capacity to store at least 24 hours of maximum inflow. One standby pump for each set in operation is required.
- Reg. 129 – Pumping and Drainage in Underground Mines: Main Pump Chamber must be constructed in solid strata. Each main pump must have a standby unit with equal capacity and automatic stop-valves.
- Reg. 130 – Maintenance of Pumps and Pipes: All pipes and pumps must be examined weekly by a competent person.
- Reg. 131 – Discharge of Water: Mine water discharge must meet pollution control norms (CPCB/SPCB). Water should be reused wherever possible.
1.4 Water Collection and Sedimentation System
Key Components: Catch drains, check dams, settling ponds, and oil/grease traps.
Typical Layout: Garland Drain ➜ Collection Sump ➜ Sedimentation Pond ➜ Reuse or Discharge.
1.5 Pumping System
Types of Pumps Used: Centrifugal pumps (most common), Submersible pumps, Positive displacement pumps.
Design Considerations: Total dynamic head (TDH), Pump efficiency (≥ 70%), and 100% standby pump capacity.
1.6 Mine Water Reuse and Treatment
Reuse: For dust suppression, washing, drilling, or green belt development.
Treatment: Includes sedimentation, pH correction (lime dosing), and removal of contaminants.
1.7 DGMS Circulars Related
- DGMS Circular No. 1 of 1978: Safety precautions in pumping.
- DGMS Circular No. 2 of 1984: Design of sumps and sedimentation ponds.
- DGMS Circular No. 13 of 2002: Risk management and inundation control.
1.8 Safety & Compliance
All electrical installations must comply with regulations. Regular dewatering records must be kept, and an emergency pumping plan must be part of the Water Danger Plan.
Quick One-Liners (For Revision)
- Minimum sump capacity = 24 hours inflow (Reg. 128).
- Standby pump = one for each working unit.
- DGMS requires automatic non-return valves in main pump lines.
- Sedimentation tanks remove suspended solids.
- Water discharge must meet CPCB norms (Reg. 131).
- Pump chamber to be in solid strata (Reg. 129).
- Daily inflow records mandatory.
- Catch drains prevent surface inflow (Reg. 127).
- Main drainage plan forms part of statutory water danger plan.
- Garland drains divert runoff.
Descriptive Model Answer
Q: Explain the statutory requirements of water management in opencast and underground mines as per CMR 2017 Regulations 127–131.
Model Answer:
As per Coal Mines Regulations, 2017, Regulations 127–131 specify statutory provisions for mine drainage, pumping, and discharge.
In opencast mines (Reg. 128), an efficient drainage system with catch drains and a sump of 24-hour capacity must be provided. Pumps must have standby units and sedimentation ponds must treat the water before discharge.
In underground mines (Reg. 129), the main pump chamber must be in solid ground with adequate ventilation and illumination. Automatic non-return valves, pressure gauges, and regular examination are mandatory.
Reg. 130 mandates weekly maintenance of pumps and pipes, while Reg. 131 controls the discharge of mine water to meet pollution norms.
The overall objective is to prevent inundation, ensure safety, and promote sustainable water reuse.
MCQ Practice Quiz
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