📘 CMR – Chapter I: Preliminary

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📘 CMR – Chapter I: Preliminary (Short Notes) 

1. Title, Commencement & Application

• Called Coal Mines Regulations, 2017.
• Came into force on publication in the Official Gazette.
• Applies to every coal mine in India.
• Extends to the whole of India.

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2. Key Definitions

• Abandoned working – Workings abandoned with no intention of reopening.
• Abandoned Mine Methane (AMM) – Gas recovered from abandoned mines.
• Act – Mines Act, 1952.
• Approved Safety Lamp / Electric Torch – Must be of type approved by Chief Inspector.
• Assistant Manager – Certified person, appointed in writing, below Manager & superior to Overman/Sirdar.
• Auxiliary fan – Forcing/exhaust fan ventilating one or more faces of a ventilating district.
• Average Output – Avg. output per month in previous financial year from all workings.
• Banksman – Person at shaft top/incline responsible for raising/lowering persons & materials.
• Booster fan – Mechanical ventilator used underground for boosting airflow.
• Coal – Includes anthracite, bituminous, lignite, peat, and carbonaceous matter marketed as coal.
• Coal Mine Methane (CMM) – Gas recovered from coal mine or part thereof.
• Committee – Appointed under Sec 12 of the Act.
• Competent Person – ≥20 yrs age, appointed in writing by Manager, qualified to supervise specified work (includes shot-firer).
• Contractor – Individual/firm/company providing services/operations in mine.
• Deep-hole Drilling & Blasting – Drill holes >3 m in opencast for blasting.
• Designer – Individual/institution designing coal mining system/machinery/substances.
• Discontinued working – Workings stopped & inaccessible but may be reopened.
• District Magistrate – For maintaining law & order in district where mine is situated.
• Disused working – Temporarily stopped but accessible workings.
• Explosive – As defined in Explosives Act, 1884.
• Face – Inbye end of any gallery, roadway, or drift.
• Fiery Seam – Seam subject to fire/spontaneous heating.
• Financial Year – 1 April – 31 March.
• Flameproof enclosure – As defined in CEA Safety & Supply Regulations, 2010.
• Form – Statutory form prescribed under regulations.

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3. Gassy Seams Classification

• First Degree: % of inflammable gas ≤ 0.1 OR emission ≤ 1 m³/tonne of coal.
• Second Degree: % of gas > 0.1 but ≤ 1 OR emission > 1 but ≤ 10 m³/tonne.
• Third Degree: Emission > 10 m³/tonne.

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4. Other Important Terms

• General body of air – Normal mine atmosphere (excluding sealed-off areas, boreholes).
• Goaf – Void left after extraction of coal pillar.
• Haul road – Road used in opencast for HEMM movement.
• HEMM – Heavy Earth Moving Machinery (shovels, dumpers, dozers, etc.).
• Incline – Inclined passage underground.
• Intrinsically safe – As defined under CEA (2010).
• Inset – Landing/platform in a shaft.
• Machinery – Includes locomotives, engines, drilling, cutting, transporting, or energy equipment.
• Manager – Appointed under Reg. 27.
• Manufacturer – Person/institution manufacturing mining machinery/substances.
• Material – Coal, stone, debris, or any matter.
• Mine – All premises, machinery, and excavations within mine boundary.
• Misfire – Failure of explosive charge to explode.
• Month – Calendar month.
• Official – Appointed in writing (includes asst. manager, safety officer, surveyor, overman, sirdar).
• Onsetter – Supervises raising/lowering of persons/materials at shaft bottom.
• Overman – Certified supervisor, superior to sirdar.
• Permitted explosive – Approved by Chief Inspector.
• Pipeline – Used for pumping water, stowing, CMM/AMM extraction.
• Principal Official – Senior-most mining officer on duty.
• Public road – Maintained for public use under govt. authority.
• Quarter – 3 months ending on 31st March, 30th June, 30th Sept, 31st Dec.
• Regional Inspector – Inspector with jurisdiction over specified area.
• River – Seasonal/perennial stream up to highest flood level.
• Risk – Combination of likelihood & consequences of unwanted event.
• Roadway – Any underground gallery.
• Shaft – Opening from surface to underground for raising/lowering.
• Shot-firer – Certified person appointed for blasting.
• Socket – Part of hole left after blasting.
• Supplier – Provides mining machinery/equipment.
• Tub – Wagon/car/truck on rails for material.
• Ventilation District – Part of mine ventilated by independent air circuit.
• Working – Excavation for winning coal.
• Working place – Specific place where persons work.

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25 MCQs from CMR Chapter I (Preliminary & Definitions) with 5 options, answers & detailed solutions.
exam-standard, covering important definitions, numerical limits, legal terms, and DGMS focus areas.

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📘 CMR Chapter I – 25 MCQs with Answers & Solutions

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🔹 Part A – General Provisions & Scope 

Q1. The Coal Mines Regulations, 2017 came into force from:
A) Date of notification by DGMS
B) Date of publication in Official Gazette
C) Date approved by Ministry of Coal
D) Date fixed by State Govt.
E) Date specified by Chief Inspector 

✅ Answer: B
Explanation: As per Reg. 1, CMR came into force on date of publication in Official Gazette.

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Q2. CMR extends to:
A) Only coal-producing states
B) All coal mines in India
C) Only government-owned mines
D) Only underground mines
E) Only opencast mines 

✅ Answer: B
Explanation: It applies to every coal mine in India, irrespective of type/ownership.

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Q3. The Mines Act referred in CMR is:
A) Mines Act, 1948
B) Mines Act, 1950
C) Mines Act, 1952
D) Mines Act, 1961
E) Mines Safety Act, 1971 

✅ Answer: C
Explanation: “Act” means Mines Act, 1952.

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Q4. Which one is NOT included in the definition of “coal”?
A) Anthracite
B) Bituminous coal
C) Lignite
D) Peat
E) Shale 

✅ Answer: E
Explanation: “Coal” includes anthracite, bituminous, lignite, peat, & other carbonaceous matter sold as coal.

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Q5. Which type of gas is “Abandoned Mine Methane (AMM)”?
A) Methane from working seams
B) Methane from sealed-off seams
C) Methane from abandoned mines
D) Methane from coal bed drilling
E) Methane drained by inseam boreholes 

✅ Answer: C
Explanation: AMM = gas recovered from abandoned coal mines.

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🔹 Part B – Officials & Persons 

Q6. An Assistant Manager holds a:
A) Mining Engineer’s Degree only
B) Manager’s Certificate of Competency
C) Foreman’s Diploma
D) Overman’s Certificate
E) DGMS Blasting Certificate 

✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Assistant Manager must hold a Manager’s Certificate.

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Q7. A Competent Person must be at least:
A) 18 years
B) 19 years
C) 20 years
D) 21 years
E) 25 years 

✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Must be 20 years of age or more.

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Q8. Which one of the following is NOT included under “official”?
A) Assistant Manager
B) Overman
C) Sirdar
D) Banksman
E) Surveyor 

✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Banksman is a workman, not an “official”.

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Q9. A Shot-firer is appointed under which regulation?
A) Reg. 26
B) Reg. 95
C) Reg. 190
D) Reg. 210
E) Reg. 220 

✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Shot-firer appointed under Reg. 190.

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Q10. The person supervising at shaft bottom for lowering/raising persons is called:
A) Banksman
B) Onsetter
C) Winding engineman
D) Assistant Manager
E) Overseer 

✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Onsetter works at shaft bottom; Banksman works at shaft top.

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🔹 Part C – Ventilation & Safety 

Q11. An Auxiliary Fan is used for:
A) Main ventilation
B) Boosting current in return airway
C) Forcing/exhausting air at working faces
D) Cooling engines
E) Draining water 

✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Auxiliary fan → ventilates one/more faces in a ventilating district.

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Q12. A Booster Fan is used for:
A) Surface ventilation
B) Boosting whole current in intake or return airway
C) Cooling winding engine
D) Dust suppression
E) Explosive clearance 

✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Booster fan → used underground for boosting entire current.

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Q13. “Flameproof enclosure” is defined under:
A) CMR 2017
B) Mines Act, 1952
C) Indian Electricity Act, 2003
D) CEA Safety & Supply Regulations, 2010
E) Explosives Act, 1884 

✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Flameproof enclosure defined in CEA (Safety & Supply) Regs, 2010.

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🔹 Part D – Output & Production 

Q14. “Average Output” of a mine means:
A) Average daily output in last 6 months
B) Average per month in last financial year
C) Average per shift in last quarter
D) Average daily output in current year
E) Average yearly output in last 3 years 

✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Defined as average per month in preceding financial year.

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Q15. Financial year for mining runs from:
A) Jan – Dec
B) Apr – Mar
C) July – June
D) Oct – Sept
E) May – Apr 

✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Financial year = 1 April to 31 March.

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🔹 Part E – Gassy Seams (Important & Tricky) Q16. A seam where gas emission ≤ 1 m³/tonne and % ≤ 0.1 is:
A) Non-gassy seam
B) First Degree gassy seam
C) Second Degree gassy seam
D) Third Degree gassy seam
E) Fiery seam 

✅ Answer: B
Explanation: First degree gassy seam.

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Q17. In a seam where gas emission > 1 but ≤ 10 m³/tonne, it is:
A) First degree
B) Second degree
C) Third degree
D) Non-gassy
E) Fiery seam 

✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Defined as second degree gassy seam.

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Q18. A seam with emission > 10 m³/tonne is:
A) Fiery seam
B) First degree
C) Second degree
D) Third degree
E) Disused seam 

✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Third degree gassy seam.

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Q19. A “Fiery Seam” means:
A) Seam with fire/spontaneous heating
B) Seam with CO₂
C) Seam with H₂S
D) Seam with gas emission > 10 m³/tonne
E) Seam under open cast 

✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Fiery seam → one where fire or spontaneous heating exists.

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Q20. “General body of air” excludes:
A) Mine atmosphere in return
B) Air in sealed-off area
C) Air in intake roadway
D) Air in main haulage road
E) Air in face gallery 

✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Excludes sealed-off area & boreholes.

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🔹 Part F – Miscellaneous Definitions 

Q21. “Goaf” means:
A) Solid coal area
B) Roof cavity after coal extraction
C) Abandoned open pit
D) Firedamp area
E) Inclined roadway 

✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Goaf = void after extraction of coal pillar.

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Q22. “Socket” means:
A) Borehole left unblasted
B) Shot hole/blast hole remaining after blasting
C) Hole used for methane drainage
D) Part of haulage system
E) Ventilation stopping 

✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Socket = remaining part of shot hole after blasting.

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Q23. “Quarter” means:
A) 4 months
B) 2 months
C) 3 months
D) 6 months
E) 1 year 

✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Quarter = 3 months ending Mar 31, Jun 30, Sept 30, Dec 31.

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Q24. “Tub” means:
A) Cage in shaft
B) Wagon or car for rail transport
C) Pumping container
D) Container for stowing
E) Blasting cartridge holder 

✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Tub = wagon/car/truck on rails for materials.

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Q25. “River” includes:
A) Seasonal stream only
B) Perennial stream only
C) Both seasonal & perennial
D) Lakes
E) Sealed-off water bodies 

✅ Answer: C
Explanation: River = any stream, seasonal or perennial.

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